It is never too early to begin planning for retirement. Individual retirement accounts provide tax incentives for people to make investments that can provide financial security when they retire. These accounts can be with a bank or other financial institution, a life insurance company, a mutual fund, or a stockbroker.
A traditional IRA is the most common type of individual retirement account. IRAs let earnings grow tax deferred. Individuals pay taxes on investment gains only when they make withdrawals. Depositors may be able to claim a deduction on their individual federal income tax return for the amount they contributed to an IRA.
What to consider before investing in a traditional IRA
- A traditional IRA is a tax-advantaged personal savings plan where contributions may be tax deductible.
- Generally, the money in a traditional IRA isn’t taxed until it’s withdrawn.
- There are annual limits to contributions depending on the person’s age and the type of IRA.
- When planning when to withdraw money from an IRA, taxpayers should know that:
- They may face a 10% penalty and a tax bill if they withdraw money before age 59½ unless they qualify for an exception.
- Usually, they must start taking withdrawals from their IRA when they reach age 73 (age 72 if they turned 72 in 2022). For tax years 2019 and earlier, that age was 70½.
- Special distribution rules apply for IRA beneficiaries.
Differences between a Roth and a traditional IRA
A Roth IRA is another tax-advantaged personal savings plan with many of the same rules as a traditional IRA, but there are exceptions:
- A taxpayer can’t deduct contributions to a Roth IRA.
- Qualified distributions are tax-free.
- Roth IRAs don’t require withdrawals until after the death of the owner.
Other types of IRAs
- Simplified Employee Pension – A SEP IRA is set up by an employer. The employer makes contributions directly to an IRA set up for each employee.
- Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees – A SIMPLE IRA allows the employer and employees to contribute to an IRA set up for each employee. It is suited as a start-up retirement savings plan for small employers not currently sponsoring a retirement plan.
- Payroll Deduction IRA – Employees set up a traditional or a Roth IRA with a financial institution and authorize a payroll deduction agreement with their employer.
- Rollover IRA – The IRA owner receives a payment from their retirement plan and deposits it into an IRA within 60 days.
More information:
Publication 590-A, Contributions to Individual Retirement Arrangements
Publication 590-B, Distributions from Individual Retirement Arrangements
Topic No. 557, Additional Tax on Early Distributions from Traditional and Roth IRAs
Topic No. 413, Rollovers from Retirement Plans
Topic No. 451, Individual Retirement Arrangements
